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When sovereignty myth declares that anyone who kills the White Stag can be king, stakes are high in King Arthur's Court. We're exploring the Welsh origins of Eric and Enide in the Mabinogion, and how two different versions of a text can bring to light important context in mythmaking and worldbuilding.
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Terminology & Spelling for Reference:
Bonedd y Saint
Bro Wened
Bro Weroc
Brunanburh
Culhwch ac Olwen
Cyfraith Hywel, ‘Laws of Hywel Dda’
Dumnonia
Erbin
Gereint
Gerontius
Guerec
Gwalchmai
Llongborth
Llyfr Coch Hergest, ‘Red Book of Hergest’
Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin, ‘Black Book of Carmarthen’
Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch, ‘White Book of Rhydderch’
Mabinogionfrage
Madauc / Madog
Odyar / Odiar
Owain
penteulu
Peredur
Veneti
ystorya
References & Citations:
Primary
Davies, Sioned, translator. The Mabinogion. Oxford UP, 2007. Oxford World’s Classics.
Gantz, Jeffrey, translator. The Mabinogion. Dorset Press, 1976.
Guest, Charlotte, translator. The Mabinogion. 1877. J. M. Dent & Sons, 1906. Everyman’s Library.
Thomson, Robert L., editor. Ystorya Gereint uab Erbin. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Celtic Studies / Dundalgan Press, 1997. Medieval and Modern Welsh Series 10.
Secondary
Bromwich, Rachel. “Celtic Dynastic Themes and the Breton Lays.” Études Celtiques, vol. 9, no. 2, 1961, pp. 439-74.
Crane, Susan. “Ritual Aspects of the Hunt à Force.” Engaging With Nature, edited by Barbara A. Hanawalt and Lisa J. Kiser, University of Notre Dame Press, 2008, pp. 63-84.
Harris, R. “The White Stag in Chretien’s Erec et Enide.” French Studies, vol. 10, no. 1, 1956, pp. 55–61.
Judkins, Ryan R. “The Game of the Courtly Hunt: Chasing and Breaking Deer in Late Medieval English Literature." Journal of English and Germanic Philology, vol. 112, no. 1, 2013, pp. 70-92.
Loomis, Roger Sherman. Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Troyes. Columbia UP, 1949.
Middleton, Arthur. “Chwedl Geraint ab Erbin.” The Arthur of the Welsh : The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Literature, edited by Rachel Bromwich, A. O. H. Jarman, and Brynley F. Roberts. University of Wales Press, 1991, pp. 147-57.
Richardson, Amanda. “‘Riding like Alexander, Hunting like Diana’: Gendered Aspects of the Medieval Hunt and Its Landscape Settings in England and France.” Gender & History, vol. 24, no. 2, Aug. 2012, pp. 253–70.
Thiebaux, Marcelle. The Stag of Love : The Chase in Medieval Literature. Cornell University Press, 1974.